Entrapment disease: symptoms, prevention and treatment

Entrapment disease is one of the most serious diving problems, but it is completely preventable with proper training.

What is entrapment disease

When ascending rapidly from depth, the dissolved nitrogen in the tissues expands faster than the body can get rid of it, and harmful bubbles form in the tissues, joints, and blood vessels.

Common symptoms

Mild symptoms

• Pain in joints and muscles
• Numbness or tingling in the extremities
• Skin rash and itching

Severe symptoms

• Difficulty breathing and chest pain
• Paralysis or weakness in the limbs
• Loss of consciousness in extreme cases

Complete prevention

• Climb slowly, not exceeding 18 meters per minute
• Observe clearance stops, especially the 5 meter stop
• Do not exceed the maximum time at any depth
• Do not dive after consuming alcohol or with extreme stress

Treatment in case of injury

The only proven treatment is a hyperbaric chamber that returns the nitrogen to its dissolved state and then safely removes it. Call emergency services immediately if you suspect entrapment disease.

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Slow rise and clearing stops are the golden protection against this disease.