Охрана морской жизни
Научная справка для исследователей и университетов — текущие угрозы, состояние экосистемы, программы охраны и инициативы Саудовской Аравии
37%
видов акул под угрозой
50%
глобальное сокращение рифов
1.5°C
потепление Красного моря
2050
прогноз постоянного обесцвечивания
the Red Sea — نظام بيئي فريد من نوعه
🌡️ لماذا the Red Sea mmيز؟
the Red Sea مُغلق شبه كلياً — بحر شبه داخلي بمدخل ضيق في باب المندب، mmا يجعله بيئة فريدة عالية الملوحة (40-42 جزء من الألف مقارنة بـ35 worldwide). درجات حرارته تتراوح من 20 إلى 32 درجة مئوية على مدار العام.
These harsh conditions produced unique coral species adapted to high heat — a trait that makes them more resistant to climate change than reefs in other oceans.
يستقبل the Red Sea ما بين 37 إلى 60 سنتيmاً مكعباً من مياه Indian Ocean عبر باب المندب سنوياً، mmا يُجدّد المغذيات ويُحافظ على التنوع البيولوجي.
Biodiversity figures
Main threats to the ecosystem
Climate change and ocean warming
The greatest long-term threat
التأثير الحالي في the Red Sea
- •Average temperature has risen 1.5 °C over 30 years
- •تكرار حوادث التبييض الحراري من مرة كل 25 years إلى مرة كل 5-6 سنوات
- •Ocean acidification of 0.1 pH units since the Industrial Revolution (affects coral skeletons)
- •ارتفاع منسوب البحر بمعدل 3.6 ملم/year يهدد شعاب المناطق الضحلة
Scenario projections
Coral bleaching
A direct effect of rising water temperature
What is bleaching?
Coral depends on symbiotic algae (zooxanthellae) living in its tissue and producing 90% of its food. When temperature rises more than 1–2 °C above the usual limit, these algae are expelled and the coral turns white. Bleached coral does not die immediately, but it is under severe stress and exposed to disease. If conditions return to normal within 4–6 weeks, it recovers its algae.
Most affected species
- ⚠Acropora (finger coral)
- ⚠Pocillopora (cauliflower coral)
- ⚠Stylophora (brush coral)
- ⚠Seriatopora (needle coral)
- ⚠Millepora (fire coral)
Most resistant species
- ✓Porites (massive coral)
- ✓Goniopora (flowerpot coral)
- ✓Diploastrea (brain-ball coral)
- ✓Turbinaria (cup coral)
- ✓Favia (brain coral)
Overfishing and habitat destruction
Most exposed species
mmارسات مدمرة
- ▸Cyanide fishing: يُخدّر الأcmاك لكنه يقتل الشعاب في دائرة نصف قطرها 10 m
- ▸Blast fishing: destroys reef structures that took centuries to build
- ▸Bottom trawls: destroy benthic life and sometimes pile up large coral heads
- ▸Finning: 70 مليون قرش/year يُقطع زعنفتهم حياً ثم يُرمى في الماء
Pollution and coastal development
Oil pollution
- •mmر ناقلات نفط مكثف (5.6 مليون برميل/يوم)
- •Small cumulative spills are more damaging than large ones
- •الهيدروكربونات تُcmم يرقات الشعاب والعوالق
Coastal development
- •New docks remove seagrass meadows and mangrove
- •Reclamation smothers reefs with sediment
- •Night lighting disrupts turtle nesting and reefs
Sunscreen chemicals
- •أوكسي بنزون وأوكتينوكسات يُcmّمان يرقات الشعاب
- •14,000 t من واقي الشمس تدخل المحيطات سنوياً
- •Hawaii and Palau have banned it to protect reefs
Conservation programmes and initiatives
Saudi initiatives
Saudi Green Initiative
Target: protect 30% of Saudi territorial waters as protected areas by 2030
National Center for Wildlife (NCWCD)
Regulates fishing, monitors threatened species, and runs turtle rehabilitation
KAUST research centres
برامج بحثية متقدمة لفهم مقاومة شعاب the Red Sea لتغير المناخ
NEOM marine projects
Environmental-impact studies and AI reef-monitoring technologies
International initiatives
IUCN Red List
التصنيف الرcmي لحالة الأنواع — المرجع العلمي الأساسي لصناع السياسات
CITES (Washington)
Bans or restricts trade in threatened species such as sharks, turtles, and manta
Coral Triangle Initiative
نموذج حماية للشعاب يمكن تطبيقه في the Red Sea
50 Reefs Initiative
تحديد الشعاب الأكثر مقاومةً للحماية الاستراتيجية — يشمل شعاب the Red Sea
The diver’s role in conservation
Scientific records
Record your views on iNaturalist and ReefCheck — every photo is real scientific data
Reef-safe sunscreen
Use only Reef Safe sunscreens (titanium dioxide or zinc oxide)
Do not touch coral
One touch removes protective mucosa from years of growth
Buoyancy control
Good buoyancy control prevents accidental bottom contact — apply the ideal weight
Report violations
Report illegal fishing to the Wildlife Authority or Coast Guard
Support coral gardening
Join and participate in coral farm programs located in the Red Sea
IUCN threatened-species categories
No individuals are alive
Lives in captivity only
50% risk of extinction within 10 years
20% risk of extinction in 20 years
10% extinction risk in 100 years
Close to entry for VU category
Abundant and safe numbers at the moment
It's not enough.
Research sources for universities and researchers
FishBase
It's the largest emotion database in the world.
IUCN Red List
Official Species Status Classification — International Scientific Reference
GBIF
Two billion records of distribution of types from 1,900 institutions
WoRMS
Them sea creatures,
Ocean Biodiversity IS
100+ million marine biological data records
Corals of the World
Specialized base for coral reefs and coral biology
ReefBase
Data on the state of the world's reefs from 1991 to today
iNaturalist
Community documentation app — Millions of nature photos
EOL (Ency. of Life)
Encyclopedia of Life — Page for Every Species on Earth
* These links go to external sites for research use only