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Морские черепахи и морские млекопитающие

Крупные животные Красного моря — от исчезающих черепах до дельфинов и редкого дюгоня

задокументированных видов

видов черепах

морских млекопитающих

под угрозой EN+

Conservation warning: Most of these animals are protected under international agreements (CITES, CMS, IUCN). Catching or disturbing them is banned. If you meet a turtle or dolphin while diving, keep at least 3 metres away.

Sea turtles

Ancient marine reptiles dating back to the age of dinosaurs

Protection: All sea-turtle species are threatened or vulnerable. Saudi coastal programmes include nest monitoring and rehabilitation. Catching them or approaching their eggs is strictly banned.

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kimberlylrandal · CC BY-NC

EN — Исчезающие В Красном море

Green Sea Turtle

Chelonia mydas

Cheloniidae · Testudines

Длина

80–150 cm

Вес

68–190 kg

Продолжительность жизни

80+ years

Питание

Herbivorous (seagrass and algae)

Местообитание

Tropical and subtropical regions

Глубина

سطح البحر up to 40 m

GBIF Taxon Key: 2441786

Научная заметка

The green sea turtle, also known as the green turtle, black sea turtle, and Pacific green turtle, is a species of large sea turtle of the family Cheloniidae. It is the only species in the genus Chelonia. Its range extends throughout tropical and subtropical seas around the world, with two distinct populations in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, but it is also found in the Indian Ocean. The common name refers to the usually green fat found beneath its carapace, due to its diet strictly being seagrass, not to the color of its carapace, which is olive to black.

Основные угрозы

الصيد العرضي
تلوث الشواطئ
التنمية الساحلية
استهلاك البيض

Заметки

✦تبقى السلحفاة الخضراء تحت الماء up to 7 ساعات أثناء النوم
✦يمكنها السباحة 2,500 كم للوصول إلى مناطق التكاثر
✦يتحدد جنس الصغار بدرجة حرارة الرمل خلال الحضانة

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vanhoutan · CC BY

CR — Находящиеся на грани полного исчезновения В Красном море

Hawksbill Sea Turtle

Eretmochelys imbricata

Cheloniidae · Testudines

Длина

62–114 cm

Вес

46–70 kg

Продолжительность жизни

30–50 years

Питание

Sponges, jellyfish, and crustaceans

Местообитание

Tropical coral reefs

Глубина

سطح up to 40 m

GBIF Taxon Key: 2441799

Научная заметка

The hawksbill sea turtle is a critically endangered sea turtle belonging to the family Cheloniidae. It is the only extant species in the genus Eretmochelys. The species has a global distribution that is largely limited to tropical and subtropical marine and estuary ecosystems.

Основные угрозы

الاتجار بالصدف
تدهور الشعاب
الصيد العرضي
التلوث

Заметки

✦منقارها الدقيق يساعدها في استخراج الإسفنج من شقوق الشعاب
✦يمكنها هضم الإسفنج الذي يكون ساماً لمعظم الكائنات
✦تضع بيضها ليلاً وتعود إلى الشاطئ ذاته كل 2-5 سنوات

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kimberlylrandal · CC BY-NC

VU — Уязвимые В Красном море

Loggerhead Sea Turtle

Caretta caretta

Cheloniidae · Testudines

Длина

70–213 cm

Вес

80–200 kg

Продолжительность жизни

47–67 years

Питание

Crustaceans, gastropods, and jellyfish

Местообитание

Open oceans and coastal bays

Глубина

سطح up to 200 m

GBIF Taxon Key: 2441783

Научная заметка

The loggerhead sea turtle, loggerhead turtle or loggerhead, is a species of sea turtle distributed throughout the world. It is a marine reptile, belonging to the family Cheloniidae. The average loggerhead measures around 90 cm (35 in) in carapace length when fully grown. The adult loggerhead sea turtle weighs approximately 135 kg (298 lb), with the largest specimens weighing about 200 kg (440 lb). The skin ranges from yellow to brown in color, and the shell is typically reddish brown. No external differences in sex are seen until the turtle becomes an adult, the most obvious difference being t

Основные угрозы

الصيد الجائر
التلوث البلاستيكي
فقدان مواقع التعشيش

Заметки

✦تعيش up to 50 years أو أكثر في البرية
✦فكوكها قادرة على سحق بلح البحر والسرطانات بسهولة
✦تهاجر عبر المحيط الأطلسي والهادئ بأكمله

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azure27014 · CC BY-NC

VU — Уязвимые

Leatherback Sea Turtle

Dermochelys coriacea

Dermochelyidae · Testudines

Длина

130–183 cm

Вес

250–700 kg

Продолжительность жизни

45 years

Питание

Almost exclusively jellyfish

Местообитание

Open water and polar seas

Глубина

سطح up to 1,200 m

GBIF Taxon Key: 2441795

Научная заметка

The leatherback sea turtle, sometimes called the lute turtle, leathery turtle or simply the luth, is the largest of all living turtles and the heaviest non-crocodilian reptile, reaching lengths of up to 2.7 metres and weights of 500 kilograms (1,100 lb). It is the only living species in the genus Dermochelys and family Dermochelyidae. It can easily be differentiated from other modern sea turtles by its lack of a bony shell; instead, its carapace is covered by oily flesh and flexible, leather-like skin, for which it is named. Leatherback turtles have a global range, although there are multiple

Основные угрозы

البلاستيك (يُشبه قنديل البحر)
الصيد العرضي
التلوث الضوئي

Заметки

✦تستطيع الغوص إلى 1,200 m وهو أعمق أي سلحفاة
✦يمكنها تحمّل درجات تصل إلى -2 درجة مئوية
✦تبكي أثناء التعشيش لإزالة الملح الزائد من الجcm

Marine mammals

Dolphins, whales, and dugong in Red Sea waters

Protection: Red Sea marine mammals face rising pressure from fishing, pollution, and port development. The dugong is especially threatened by seagrass loss. Dolphins are affected by unregulated tourism and ship noise.

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rafi1 · CC BY-NC

LC — Вызывающие наименьшие опасения В Красном море

Common Bottlenose Dolphin

Tursiops truncatus

Delphinidae · Artiodactyla (Cetacea)

Длина

190–390 cm

Вес

150–650 kg

Продолжительность жизни

40–60 years

Питание

Fishes, octopus, and shrimp

Местообитание

Coastal and open water

Глубина

سطح up to 600 m

GBIF Taxon Key: 2440462

Научная заметка

The common bottlenose dolphin or Atlantic bottlenose dolphin is one of three species of bottlenose dolphin in the genus Tursiops. While formerly known simply as the bottlenose dolphin, this term is now applied to the genus Tursiops as a whole. As considerable genetic variation has been described within this species, even between neighboring populations, many experts think additional species may be recognized and split out.

Основные угрозы

الصيد العرضي
التلوث الكيميائي
الضجيج البحري

Заметки

✦يمتلك كل دلفين صافرة فريدة تُعادل اcmه
✦يغفو بنصف دماغه فقط ليبقى واعياً للتنفس
✦يمكنه السباحة بسرعة 35 كم/ساعة

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ktnt · CC BY-NC

LC — Вызывающие наименьшие опасения В Красном море

Spinner Dolphin

Stenella longirostris

Delphinidae · Artiodactyla (Cetacea)

Длина

129–235 cm

Вес

23–79 kg

Продолжительность жизни

20 years

Питание

Small fishes and squid

Местообитание

Tropical open water

Глубина

سطح up to 300 m

GBIF Taxon Key: 2440427

Научная заметка

The spinner dolphin is a small dolphin found in off-shore tropical waters around the world. It is famous for its acrobatic displays in which it rotates around its longitudinal axis as it leaps through the air. It is a member of the family Delphinidae of toothed whales.

Основные угрозы

الصيد العرضي
السياحة المكثفة
التلوث

Заметки

✦يستطيع الدوران up to 7 مرات في القفزة الواحدة
✦يصطاد ليلاً في الأعماق مستخدماً الصدى
✦يُشكّل أحياناً مجموعات بأكثر من 1,000 فرد

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heinrichhuman · CC BY-NC

VU — Уязвимые В Красном море

Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphin

Sousa chinensis

Delphinidae · Artiodactyla (Cetacea)

Длина

160–280 cm

Вес

85–220 kg

Продолжительность жизни

40 years

Питание

Coastal fishes and molluscs

Местообитание

Shallow coastal water and estuaries

Глубина

سطح up to 25 m

GBIF Taxon Key: 2440424

Научная заметка

The Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin is a species of humpback dolphin inhabiting coastal waters of the eastern Indian and western Pacific Oceans. This species is often referred to as the Chinese white dolphin in mainland China, Macau, Hong Kong, Singapore and Taiwan as a common name. Some biologists regard the Indo-Pacific dolphin as a subspecies of the Indian Ocean humpback dolphin which ranges from East Africa to India. However, DNA testing studies have shown that the two are distinct species. A new species, the Australian humpback dolphin, was split off from S. chinensis and recognized as a di

Основные угрозы

التطوير الساحلي
التلوث
الصيد
حركة المراكب

Заметки

✦يتحوّل لون البالغين تدريجياً من رمادي إلى زهري
✦يُشكّل مجموعات صغيرة من 3-7 أفراد عادةً
✦يقضي معظم حياته في منطقة ساحلية صغيرة جداً

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markgrtdixon · CC BY-NC

VU — Уязвимые

Sperm Whale

Physeter macrocephalus

Physeteridae · Artiodactyla (Cetacea)

Длина

1100–2000 cm (الذكر)

Вес

13,600–57,000 kg

Продолжительность жизни

70 years

Питание

Giant squid and large fishes

Местообитание

Open-ocean depths

Глубина

سطح up to 3,000 m

GBIF Taxon Key: 2440719

Научная заметка

The sperm whale or cachalot is the largest of the toothed whales and the largest toothed predator. It is the only living member of the genus Physeter and one of three extant species in the sperm whale superfamily Physeteroidea, along with the pygmy sperm whale and dwarf sperm whale of the genus Kogia.

Основные угрозы

الصيد التاريخي
التلوث بالبلاستيك
الضجيج البحري
تصادم السفن

Заметки

✦يمتلك أكبر دماغ عرفه الإنسان في التاريخ (9 kg)
✦صوته هو الأعلى بين الحيوانات (يصل 230 ديسيبل)
✦يُنتج العنبر الرمادي في أمعائه المستخدم في صناعة العطور

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Gisela Dionisio · CC by-nc/4.0

EN — Исчезающие

Blue Whale

Balaenoptera musculus

Balaenopteridae · Artiodactyla (Cetacea)

Длина

2200–3300 cm

Вес

100,000–180,000 kg

Продолжительность жизни

80–110 years

Питание

Krill (small shrimp)

Местообитание

All oceans

Глубина

سطح up to 500 m

GBIF Taxon Key: 2440714

Научная заметка

The blue whale is a species of baleen whale and the largest marine mammal in the rorqual family Balaenopteridae. Reaching a maximum confirmed length of 29.9–30.5 m (98–100 ft) and weighing up to 190–200 t, it is the largest animal known to have ever existed. The blue whale's long and slender body can be of various shades of greyish-blue on its upper surface and somewhat lighter underneath. Four subspecies are recognized: B. m. musculus in the North Atlantic and North Pacific, B. m. intermedia in the Southern Ocean, B. m. brevicauda in the Indian Ocean and South Pacific Ocean, and B. m. indica

Основные угрозы

الصيد التاريخي
تصادم السفن
ضوضاء المحيطات
تغير المناخ

Заметки

✦أكبر حيوان عاش على الأرض على مدى التاريخ بأسره
✦قلبه يزن 590 kg ويضخ دماءه خلال أوعية يسبح فيها الإنسان
✦يأكل 3.6 t من الكريل يومياً رغم أن كريتها بحجم إصبع

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popaul · CC BY-NC

VU — Уязвимые В Красном море

Dugong

Dugong dugon

Dugongidae · Sirenia

Длина

240–400 cm

Вес

230–908 kg

Продолжительность жизни

70 years

Питание

Seagrass only

Местообитание

Coastal seagrass meadows

Глубина

سطح up to 37 m

GBIF Taxon Key: 2441474

Научная заметка

The dugong is a marine mammal. It is one of four living species of the order Sirenia, which also includes three species of manatees. It is the only living representative of the once-diverse family Dugongidae; its closest modern relative, Steller's sea cow, was hunted to extinction in the 18th century.

Основные угрозы

فقدان مراعي الأعشاب
الصيد العرضي
اصطدام الزوارق
التطوير الساحلي

Заметки

✦يُعتقد أن رؤيته ألهمت أساطير حوريات البحر القديمة
✦يستطيع البقاء تحت الماء 6 دقائق دون تنفس
✦يأكل ما يعادل weight كيس بطاطا (25 kg) من الأعشاب يومياً

Dive ethics with large animals

Safe distance

Keep 3 metres from turtles and 5 metres from marine mammals in all cases

Never touch

Touching removes the protective mucus and exposes the animal to disease and stress

Light and flash

Do not point strong light at the animal — it can cause temporary blindness

Do not surround

Do not form a ring of divers around the animal — always leave a clear escape path

Do not feed

Feeding turtles or dolphins changes natural behaviour and can cause disease

Responsible records

Photography is allowed from a safe distance — report turtle sightings to local conservation programmes

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